Magnetic separator.



JP. T. SNYDER."

MAGNETIC SEPARATOR. APPLICATION FILED no.1, 1902.

PATENTED JtfNE 12, 1906.

I SHEETS-SHEET 1. 7

N0.- 823,30,3.- PATENTED JUNE 12, 1906.

F. T. SNYDER. .MAGNETIO SEPARATOR APPLICATION FILED DEC. 1, 1902.

4 SHEETSSHEET 2.

Wfineasea Ir En DEL v IREdERmK I. EmYdER PATBNTED JUNE 12, 1906 4SHBET$SHEBT a.

No. 823,303. F. T. SNYDER.

MAGNETIG'SEPARATOR. APPLICATIQIT FILED DBG.1, 1902. I

In iver icj Taadaaw No. 828,303 I I PATENTED JUNE 12, 1906 F. T. SNYDLH.

MAGNETIC SBPARATOR.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 1, 1902.

4 SHEETSSHEET 4.

i 07 nmvm/ Alta am I diflicult' toovercoin'e .with the types of ma-UNITED STATES PArnNT' OFFICE.

FREDERICK SNYDER, OF OAlI PARK, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNEASSIGNMENTS, TO INTERNATIONAL SEPARATOR COMPANY, OF CHI: OAGO, ILLINOIS,A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY. 1

MAGN TIC SEEAFIATQR.

No. ceases.

1'0 alt whom itmay concer I Be it known that I, FREDERICK T. SNYDER,

- a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Oak Park, in the county ofCook and State of Illinois, have invented a certain'new and useful ing apart of this specification.

My invention relates to magnetic separators for the separation ofsubstances of all degrees of magnetic permeability;

Magnetic separators may' bje". generally grouped'into two classes, oneclass including .7 those separators. in which permeable mate- 1 rialsare separated from non-magnetic materials. by causing a change in". t hedirection of l mo'tion of the permeable materials as it passes withinthe influence of a field of magnetic ff orce, the magnetic fieldremaining station ary. Theotherclass includes those separa- "ltors inwhich permeable materials are"at-' tra'cted by and icarried with amoving mag netic field one local flux convergence moving in amagneticfield. l

I My invention relates to this second class of separators. --.Among.themost. eflicient separators of this class which have heretofore" beenconstructed are those which utilize a flux convergent toward aprojection on the periphery of a rotating cylinder. However,

such separatorshave not been entirely satisfactory onac'count ofmechanical, electrical, or magnetic ineff ciencies which it has beenchine employed. r

invention contemplates theprov sion' of a magnetic separator. ofgreatly-increased mechanical and magnetic efficiency and of decreasedcost of construction and sub'se q'uent operation. I 4

The inventionh'erein described and claimed is related in some respectsto inventions dis-f closed and claimed in'my copending applicaa E tions,Serial No. 133,006, filed November 28,

- 902; Serial No.- 133,342, filed-December 1, 1 1902';.Serial N o. v136,004, fil'ed'Detcember 20, 1902, and Serial No..--'136,005, filedDecember- My invention-will" be best understood by reference to theaccompanying drawings, in

is'madeas small as practicable.

Patented June 12, 1906.

magnetic separator. Fig.2 is a vertical sectional view taken on a planethrough line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Figiii-is a central longitudinal sec-Fi'gure 1 is a side elevationof my improved 7 tional view takenon line 33 of Fig. 2. Fig. i

' vide a field-magnet frame 5, to which is bolted the electromagnet-core6, this corebeing' wound with anenergizing-coil 7. The caps 8,8,.adaptedto be bolted to the frame 5, serve to retain the cylindrical pole-piece9 in mag netic and rigid mechanical connection with the frame 5. Thecylindrical pole-pieceis desirably made hollow in the center in order ito lessen its weight. A hollow drum 10,'of-.-

iron or. steel or other highly permeable material, .is provided withside flanges 11 11, which are journaled to rotate upon the constrictedportions 12 12 of the cylindrical pole-- piece 9, each flange beingprovided with adriving-wheel .13, whereby the magnetic drum 10 may becaused to rotate by anysuitable source of power.

It will be apparent I that the lines of magnetic force set an upon 5Lthe energization of the coil 7 l through the core 6 and will ,thendivideiand. pass through the arms of the frame 5 to two ends of thecylindrical pole-piece 9,"

thence to the pole-face 14, across the air-gap intervening between thispole-face and the. H interior of the drum 10, through the-drum 1Q 9 l tothe air-gap between the exterior of the drum and the pole-face 15of thecore: 6." In 1 order to make the magnetic path of as high permeabilityas possible, the air-gap between the pole-face 14 and the'interior ofthe drum Since. magnetic separation is tov take place within the fieldof force between the exterior of the- :drum and the pole face 15, thisair-gap of low permeability must have some little length.

In magnetic separation the strength with which any particular materialis attracted depends upon two factors, one being the density of the fluxthrough the material, the other being the rate of change of densityinthe direction of attraction. This rate of to as thelp change ofdensityis commonly referred to in terms of'the convergence o1"divorgenceof the. lines of force, the permeable material being attracted towardthe point of conver- 5 gence. A flux divergence may be caused by 3providing in a field of otherwise parallel lines of force a local pathof decreased reluctance,

such as that provided a permeable projectiOIlflObiLllY shorteninganair-gap. i

1o Since my improved separator is intended to operate due to theattraction of permeable particles toward the magnetic drum 10, I V nditdesirable to provide the periphery of such .drum ,Withhigl'ily-perrneable projec 1' tions'suc'h as the permeable teeth '16.The

magnetic flux in the airegap is convergent to- Ward each of the-(teeth16.. Thus any.rela-' tively permeableflmaterials coming within the gapof lowper-meability between the pole- 2o face 15 ,and thejexterior ofthe drum are attract-ed toward the teeth 16. g

' The material to'be separated is fed in an even-layer onto the uppersurface of the dru rnby means of. the feeding devices '17 and 2 5 18,which are sup lied from the hopper 19.

The drumis'rotated in the direction in 'icated by the'arrow 20, wherebythe materials fed to z the top of the drum are carried around on thesurface thereof into the air-gap between the pole-face 15 and theadjacent surface of the rum. A' shield 21, preferably of iron or steel,is fastened to. the pole-face 15 and car- I riedaround parallel with thedrum-surface to 7 a point. near. the feeding devices. This 5 shieldprevents material being thrown from g-" su'rface of the drum, due, tocentrifugal force lorotherwisw [A sheet-metal housing 22 is provided toinclose theoperating parts of the gmechanis'm. 4o The operation of theseparator is as fol- --lows: The coil 7 being energized by an elec-"triccurrent, a magnetic flux is set up through the highly permeablepath betweenthe poleface and the opposite surface'of. the drum 5 10,thus causiir a magnetic field in this'gap of low; permea ility. The drumbeing ro- 'tated inthedirection indicated, materials are fed to the topof the sa1ne,-whereby they are tical p apebelow the lineof separationthese non-magnetic materials are-free to fall verticallgfl 'SinceJthepole-face 15 extends a consi erable distance below the horizontal fsgline throughthe axis ofrotationof thedrum,

'forming one boundary of the gap of low perthe force of gravity.

ol'e face 15 and shield-21 lie ins-yen.

the magnetic fluxes from the teeth 16 con-- tinue until the teeth havepassed a considerabledistancebelowthc horizontalplane. Afterthe' teethhave passed the pole-face 15,

70 meability, the flux density therefrom is gradua'lly decreased. Thedrum 10 is desirably rotated at a speed such that't-he periphery movesat ractically the same speed as that of the free y-falling materialsafter they have 7 5 passed. the point of separation.

meable from the non-magnetic materials takes place by moving thepermeable partif cles to the side. without counteracting their ,80' Inatural tendency to move downward under As'the permeable materials movearound on the surface of thedrum toward the lowest point thereof themagnetic forces which retain the materials on: the surface of the drumact against a continually-increasing componenet-of gravity, and as thedensity of the divergent fluxesis gradue ally decreased the attractedmaterials fall from' the surfaceof. the drum, the slightlypermeablematerials falling first and'la-ter the i more highly permeablematerials; .In order to divide the non-mwnetic from the permeag blematerials, and, desired, to subdivide-the permeable class, I provide aseriesiof'divid- 5 ing plateasuch as 23 and 2.4.- These divid ing platesare desirably mounted so as-to per- I mit an adjustmentthereofconcentric with the separating-drum. The dividing-plates arecarriedon frames 25- and 26, which are. rotatably mounted upon theconstricted pore tions 12 of the pole-piece 9. a The adjusting rods 27and 28, the cranks 29 and 30, the fshafts 31 and.32, and the quadrants33 and 34, connected therewith, serve as a means for adjusting theposition of the dividing-plates, while the cap-bolts 35 and 36 providemeans for securing the same in adjustment I find it desirable to providea. series of telescoping hoppers for the purposeof receiv 1 r0 ing theseparated materials from the drum 1 10. When two dividing plates areused, as shown, it is-desirableto provide one hopper to receivethenon-magneticmaterial passia; to the rightof the dividing-plate 23, aseco'n hopper to receive the material passing between thedividing-plates23' and 24, and-a third hopper to receive the material which is depositafter passin the divider 24. .4 The w I 2o "frame of the machine. Thehopper 38 may I hopper 37 may be rigidlyattached to the be suspendedfrom a-shaft 39, passing across the carrying-frame 26. AthirdhopperAOmay be suspendedfrom theshaft 41, passing across the frame 25. Thus wheneither ofthe frames 26 or 25 is angularly adjusted about the axiso'f-rotation of the drum the as:

sociated hopper will-bemoved therewith. In

order to direct material into" the hoppers, no

' matter what the adjustment of the divider-.. 1 o

' It will be seen, therefore, that the separation of the'per-.

roo-

plates may beI 1provide,aprons' 42, 43, and 44, ada ted to te escopeinto the hoppers 37, 38, an 40, respectively. The apron 42 is desirablysuspended fromthe shaft 39, and

the apron 43'from the shaft 41 while the apron 44 may be suspended fromthe shaft 32, which may be conveniently placed for this purpose. .T helower corners .of the aprons are cut off in order to allow the aprons toslip into the hoppers, and the tapering edges are desirably rolled up.Thus material falling upon the apron is directed to- Ward the centerthereof by thewalls 45. This feature is useful particularly when theaprons are considerably withdrawn from the hop-- pers, as shown inFig,3, It will be seen that if these edges were not turned up materialwithout departing from Y 'vention, and I therefore do not wish to. lmitfalling near the sides of the apronwould not be directed within thehoppers. r While I have herein shown a particular form of my invention,it those skilled in the art that many modifications therein mayprofitably be employed the spirit of m inyself to the precisedisclosureherein set forth; but, J Having described my'invention, I claim as newand desire to secure by Letters-Patent 1. Ina magnetic separator, the,combina tion with a hollow iron cylinder having per- 'meableprojections thereon, of an electromagnet havingapole-piece external tosaid cylinder and facing the same, the face of said pole-piece beingbare, an ener 'zing-win'ding upon said pole-piece, a body 0 magneticmaterial forming a returnm'agnetic circuit from 1 the rearof-saidpole-piece to the inside of a said holloweylinder, and means for passing4,

-material .tei'be separated between the surface of saidahollow cylinderand the face of said pole-piece and into contact therewith.

' 2.. Ina magnetic separator,nthe -coinbina- '."tion w th a hollow. iron'cylinder'mounted to rotate on a horizontal'axia -having permeableprojections on its'outerjsurface, of a magnet havmg agcentral lro n coreforming one pole thereof, disposed withih said hollow cylinder F closeto the inn-ersurfaee of said cylinder, and

a bare-pole-pieee of. opposite polarity exter nal to said cylinder andfacing the outer surface .thereof, and an energizin -winding for saidmagnet external to sa d cylinder, means for-feedin material to beseparated upon the 'upper-su ace of said cylinder, and means for assingsaid'mat'erial into contact-with said are external pole-piece,substantially as set 3. 'In a ma netic separator, the combination withan e ectromagnet, of a hollow per- .meable cylinder included inthemagnetic cir cuit of'said magnet, and means for feeding material to'beseparated to the outersurface of said cylinder,'the winding beingapplied to 'said-electromagnet outside of said cylinder,

will be apperent to said magnet having a bare pole adjacent tb one sideof said cylinder, said pole being formed below the horizontal planethrough the axis of the cylinder to lie back of a vertical plane tangentto the cylinder.

4. In a magnetic separator, the combina- 5. In a magnetic separator, thecombination. with a cylindrical rotatable armature, permeableprojections on the surface 'of said armature, an electromagnetconstituting a frame supporting and inclosing mechanism of thegenerator, said magnet having poles of opposite polarity and differentareas, one located on the insi'de'of said hollow cylinder, the otherlocated outside of the cylinder and having a bare face, the winding ofsaid electromagnet being adjacent the air-gap between the armature andsaid outer pole,

means for feeding materials to be separated to the upper surface ofsaid'ar m'ature, and means for rotating said armature to pass saidmaterials into contact with said bare outer pole.

6. Ina magnetic separator, the combination with a hollow cylindricalarmature, of means for rotating said armatureabout a horizontal axis, anelectromagnet having a pole on the inside of said electromagnet, andanother pole having a-bare face of smaller area on the outside of themagnet approxired mately on a level with thehorizontal axis thereof, thewinding of said electromagnet :being placed adjacent to 'said outer poleof 'lesser'area, means for passing materials to be separated betweensaid armature and said ole of lesser area and into contact with the hareface of said pole, and permeable pro jections on the s urfaceofsaidarmature spaced from said pole of lesser area a distance such thatthe portion of the material to be a separated may be attracted from saidpoleto v saidprojections.

,7. Ina magnetic separator, the combina tion with a hollow cylindricalarmature, of 'means for rotatmg sa d armature, about a.

horizontal axis, an electromagnet having a pole located on the interiorof said hollow cylindrical armature, and a pole having a,

bareface of lesser area than'said internal pole located on the outsideof said cylindrical ar- ;mature facing the same, the winding ofsaid'electromagnet being provided upon said outer pole, means for passingmaterials to be separated between said armature and-said outer pole,-andpermeable projections formed on the surface of said armature, saidprojections being of such shape and spaced l'ronasaid outer pole adistance such' that a"portion of the materials to beseparated may beattracted-from said pole to said'projecftions 1 8. 'In a magnetic searator, the oornbmw tion with a hollow la indrical' armature, of

areas, the larger oles i V .interior'of thefho ew nnature and thepoleIneans for rotat-ing said armature about a horizontal aXis,-arrelectrornagr et havlng poles of '0 posite polarity and-jot differentbeing located-on the of lesserareabeing located approximately-on a levelwith'ithehorizontal axis of the arma- -ture and on the outside thereof,the winding of the electroniagntbeing adjacent to the. air gap betweenthe armature and the pole of 'le Sserarea, means for pa ssing materialsto be se arated between said armature and said p'o e of; lesser areaiandirrto contact with said pole, triangular pyramids in staggered rowsi'formed -on the surface of said armature-1 5m. rout-stud poleyiolesserarea such a d stance;-

roject'ions bein of suchxshapefliand spaced that, the portidn' of' 'thematerials to be sepas force-of gfa i g 7 '9'. Ina

' po es o rated be attrgoted from said po'l'eto said pro-jectiorijs,and-a Wider interposed between attracted Tandy 1$ traction substantiallyperpendicula the agnetic se arator,' the 'o'ombin'a tion with iahollowcy indrical. armature -jof means for'rotatingsaid armature. about ahorizontal axis} an; "elec'troinagnet having osite 3 clarity and ofdifferent I areas,"'the arger p0 e being locate'don the in-v side ofsaid cylindrical armjatur'earidtheole of 'lesser area being locatedoutside fsai armatureapproximately on a l'cve'l"'wit'h the horizonta ingof saidelectrornagnet being applied adj-a axis of rotation thereofl-"thewind cent to the air-gap between the armature and the pole of lesserarea, rn'eans for passing 'ina- 'terials to be separated between thearmature and said ole of lesser 'area and-into; con-tact I with'the areface-of said pole, permeable projections on the surface of said armaturespaced from the pole of said lesser area such a distance, that. aportionof the.rnaterials to ata point where' the direction of the forceof r v tractedmaterials ate. a poi-nt'rwhe ie theflzdirectionpf-theforce of at- 1 to the direction of the force .of gravity, said pole oflesser area "being forniedto permit the 6o treefall of materials notattracted. a

10'. In a magnetic separator, the combine tion with a hollow cylindricalarmature, of

means for rotating said armature about a horizontal axis, anelectr'omagnet having poles of op'positepolarity, onelo'ca'ted on theinside of said hol'low cylindrical armature and the otherlocated on theoutside thereof,

jacen-t to theainga between; the armature and the pole locate on theoutside thereof, means for passing inaterials to be separated thewinding of the el'eotrornagnet being at between said armature and thepole on the I outside thereof andinto contactwith'the bare itace of saidpole,-triangular pyramidal ,pro-

jections' in staggered rows, said projections bein ofsuch shape andspaced frorn said pole on t e outside of said annati'ira such a distancethat-the separated may.

saidprojeetiqns, and'a' 'd-ivide'r interposed be tween attract; randnon-attracted materials e attracted from said pole to attraction isSubstantially erpendicular .to

l the forcelof gravity, said p0 e on the outside of the armature beingformed tocperrnit the free fall-of materials-not attracte 11, In amagnetic separator-, thec rnbina --tion with a'hollowironcylindermountedto portion of the materiais'tobe rotate on a substantiallyhorizontal axis, oija magnet-pole facing the inner side of saidcyI-irid'er, a second magnet-pole of oppositepolar ityrfacing the outside.of said cylinder, the face of said outer" 'p'ole beinglverticalbelow ahorizontal plane through the axis ,ofsaid cylq -'inder, permeableprojections upon the cylinder, a divider-plate on the under'si'deoffsaidcylinder and separatedfrom the surface there of adistancesuificient to permitjthe passage of attracted 'rnaterialpast itsedge, the, edge of said divider beinglocatedjust inside a verticaltangentto-said cy1'inder,-rrieans for feedioo ing material's tof-beseparated to thenppersurface of said cylinder; and meansfor'rotatingsaid cylinder to pass, materials through l the ga betweenthe nal p0 e-piece cylinder and the exter- In witness whereotI hereurrtosubscribe my'na ne this 28th day of Noveinber, A. D.

, rannearo'rr r. sNYnn'R.

Witness'eszf LYNN A. WILLrAMs',

HARvFjY L. Hanson

